Key Concepts

• Abstract Factory: Declares an interface for operations that create abstract product objects.
• Concrete Factory: Implements the operations to create concrete product objects.
• Abstract Product: Declares an interface for a type of product object.
• Concrete Product: Defines a product object to be created by the corresponding concrete factory. Implements the abstract product interface.
• Client: Uses only the interfaces declared by the abstract factory and abstract product classes.

Benefits

• Encapsulation of Object Creation: It abstracts the instantiation process, leading to cleaner and more maintainable code.
• Interchangeability of Families of Products: Easily switch between different families of related objects without altering client code.
• Consistency Among Products: Ensures that products from the same family are used together, maintaining uniformity in the application.
• Promotes Code Reuse: Allows reuse of the same factory interfaces across different parts of the application, reducing duplication.
• Ease of Extensibility: New families of products can be added without modifying existing code, adhering to the Open/Closed Principle.
• Isolation of Dependencies: Reduces coupling between client code and concrete classes, enhancing flexibility and maintainability.
• Improves Testability: Makes it easier to mock or stub dependencies in unit tests by using factory interfaces.

Structure

• Abstract Factory: Interface for creating abstract products.
• Concrete Factory: Concrete classes implementing the AbstractFactory interface.
• Abstract Product: Interface for a type of product.
• Concrete Product: Concrete implementations of the AbstractProduct interface.
• Client: Uses the abstract factory to create objects.